CNS Drugs 2006; 20 (5): 389-409
نویسندگان
چکیده
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 1. Classification of Atypical Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 2. Clinical Effect of Atypical Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 3. Mechanisms of Action of the Atypical Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 3.1 Dopaminergic Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 3.1.1 Dopamine D2 Receptor Blockade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 3.1.2 D1 Receptor Blockade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 3.1.3 D4 Receptor Blockade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 3.1.4 Blockade of D2/D3 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 3.1.5 Rapid Dissociation from D2 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 3.1.6 Partial Agonism of D2 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 3.2 Serotonergic Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 3.2.1 Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Blockade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 3.2.2 5-HT2C Receptor Blockade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 3.2.3 Agonism of 5-HT1A Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 3.3 Combined Modulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 3.3.1 Blockade of 5-HT2A and D2 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 3.3.2 Blockade of 5-HT2C and D2 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 3.3.3 Agonism of 5-HT1A and Blockade of D2 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 3.3.4 D2 Antagonism and Interaction with Muscarinic Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 3.3.5 Blockade of α-Adrenergic and D2 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 4. The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia and the Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 4.1 Neuroplastic Effect of Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Atypical antipsychotics have greatly enhanced the treatment of schizophrenia. Abstract The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness and adverse effects of these drugs are, to date, not sufficiently explained. This article summarises the hypothetical mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotics with respect to the neurobiology
منابع مشابه
Adverse effects of multiple physical symptoms on the course of depressive and anxiety symptoms in primary care.
389 Harald Baumeister Engelbergerstrasse 41 DE–79085 Freiburg (Germany) Tel. +49 761 203 3044, Fax +49 761 203 3040 E-Mail baumeister @ psychologie.uni-freiburg.de 3 Parker G: Beyond major depression. Psychol Med 2005; 35: 467–474. 4 Parker G, Roy K, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, Malhi G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D: Atypical depression: a reappraisal. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 1470– 1479. 5 Leventhal AM, Reh...
متن کاملThe Death of the First Sale Doctrine
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 389 I. STATUTORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................. 391 A. The First Sale Doctrine ......................................................... 392 B. The Public Performance Right .............................................. 395 II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASE L...
متن کاملManagement of epilepsy in women of childbearing age: practical recommendations.
Women with epilepsy should not be discouraged from becoming pregnant as the likelihood of having a healthy baby is very high. However, in such women, early and individualised counselling about pregnancy and contraception is essential. Ideally, pregnancies should be planned, folic acid (5 mg/day) given and antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment optimised well before conception to ensure that the low...
متن کاملDrugs Used in Mood Disorders
GENERIC NAME PAGE Amitriptyline 389 Amoxapine 389 Bupropion 388 Carbamazepine 395 Citalopram 388 Clomipramine 389 Desipramine 389 Doxepin 389 Fluoxetine 387 Fluvoxamine 386 Imipramine 389 Isocarboxazid 392 Lithium 393 Maprotiline 389 GENERIC NAME PAGE Mirtazapine 388 Nefazodone 389 Nortriptyline 389 Olanzapine 395 Paroxetine 388 Phenelzine 392 Protriptyline 389 Sertraline 387 Tranylcypromine 39...
متن کاملSports Med 2009;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 1. Physiological Aspects of Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 1.1 Effects of Exercise on the Motor Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
متن کامل